Internet-Based Materials Design Using Hot Potatoes Software Program to Develop Listening Skills

Gusti Astika
Widya Dharma, Vol. 19, No. 1, Oktober 2008

ABSTRACT

Listening plays a significant role in language learning. The literature in CLT discusses various ways of developing this skill by providing the opportunity to learners to get as much exposure as possible to native speech. There is a widespread belief that understanding spoken language is difficult for various reasons. According to Willis (1996), learning can take place if there are at least four conditions that have to be met: exposure to the language, opportunities to use it, strong motivation to learn, and instruction. In order to promote listening skills there are two processes which should be accommodated interactively in teaching; bottom-up and top-down processes. Therefore, teachers need to be equipped with necessary knowledge and skills to develop learners’ listening ability through innovative ideas. One example is using Hot Potatoes software program to create computerized listening exercises such as cloze, multiple choice, or matching exercises. With the increasing availability and accessibility of the internet, language teachers have a wide range of choices to select teaching materials from ELT as well as authentic websites. Materials selected from either type of websites need to be manipulated for learning purposes. One approach for materials design is using a task-based framework in which materials are presented to the learners through different types of classroom activities to produce a desired learning outcome. The last section of this paper presents three exercises that can be created using Hot Potatoes program and possible extension of exercises to develop other language skills.
Key words: bottom-up and top-down processes, Hot Potatoes software program, authentic websites, task-based framework

Kuliah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dengan Pendekatan Kontekstual

Kartika Budi & Puji Purnomo
Widya Dharma, Vol. 19, No. 1, Oktober 2008

ABSTRACT
The research is about Classroom Action Research (CAR) Lecture using Contextual Teaching and Learning Approach (CTLA) in S1 PGSD program. The purpose is to know (1) whether the CAR lecture can be conducted using CTLA, (2) the effectiveness of the CTLA in the case of (a) students’ comprehension of CAR, (b) students’ participations, (c) students’ abilities in conducting the processes, (d) students’ final products, and (e) the students’ final results, both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Whether or not the CAR lecture can be conducted using the CTLA, is stated in how much does the CAR lecture fulfill the seven aspects of CTL. The effectiveness of the CTLA in the case of students’ comprehension of CAR is stated in the final score of the exams, in the case of students’ participations is stated in the percentage of the number of students who participate in the teaching learning processes. The kind of participations are restricted on (1) asking questions, (2) asking explanations, (3) giving ideas, and (4)giving opinion or criticize her or his friend idea.
The research shows that the CTLA is very suitable for conducting CAR lecture in S1 PGSD program. The effectiveness of CTLA in the case of students’ final scores of the exams is high, in the case of students’ participations as a whole is very high, in the case of stundents’ abilities in conducting processes is high, in the case of students’ final products is high, while in the case of the students’ final results, quantitatively is very high, and qualitatively is high.
Keywords: contextual teaching and learning, classroom action research, effectiveness, students’ comprehension, students’ participations, students’ abilities in conducting process, students’ final products, student’s final results.

Pendekatan Holistik bagi Pendidikan Iman Anak

M. Purwatma
Widya Dharma, Vol. 19, No. 1, Oktober 2008

ABSTRACT
The taks of religious education of children is helping children to know, to celebrate and to contemplate the mystery of Christ, and to initiate and educate children in community life and to mission. It has something to do with the development of children’s faith and all aspects of christian faith, namely, cognitive, affective and behavioural aspects. It involves families, parish communities and schools in religious education of children. There is no one way in religious education of children. Therefore, it needs a holictic approach to religious education of children, it needs a total catechetical education.
Keywords: religious education of children, development of children’s faith, involvement, total catechetical education, and finding indentify

Pendidikan Damai bagi Anak-Anak Usia Dini: Belajar dari Pedagogi Maria Montessori

CB.Mulyatno, Pr
Widya Dharma, Vol. 19, No. 1, Oktober 2008

ABSTRACT
What is specific contribution of Montessori for education? Montessori supposed that children are natural embyio of peace. Childreen exhibit behaviors and moral traits that are calm, peaceful, and productive as basis of good character. The core of education is to foster these moral traits of respect, independence, responsibility, and self-initiative. Montessori children are given freedom within the structure of the prepared environment. This freedom enables the laws of natural development to guide children’s spontaneoua activities. When the children interact socially, the caharter thraits of friendliness, helpfulness, and sharing are cultivated. Here the broad view of the universe promotes each children’s global awareness, compassion for the interdependent needs of all living things, and conservation of the erath’s resources. Freedom is recognized as the foundation of intrinsic motivation. As a consequence, Montessori education specifically excludes practices of reward and punishment for the purpose of cultivating intrinsic motivation. In Montessori education the children’s choices are respected for guiding the children’s pace of learning thorugh spontaneous activities. The school staff must become a learning and moral community in which all share responsibility for character education and attempt to develop the same essential values that guide the education of children. This educative process values world peace as the work of cosmic education, and recognizes the value of the children as leaders of world peace.
Keywords: cosmic education, moral values, creativity, freedom, friendliness, responsibility, self-initiative. world peace.

Model Prosedur Pengembangan dan Implementasi Program Bimbingan dan Konseling di Sekolah Dasar

Gendon Barus
Widya Dharma, Vol. 19, No.1, Oktober 2008

ABSTRACT
An elementary educator has double roles with multiple tasks. Not only does an elementary classroom teacher teach his or her students, but he/she also needs to develop and implement classroom guidance and counseling program (SK Menpan RI No. 84 Tahun 1993; Permendiknas No. 22 Tahun 2006). In fact, the majority of classroom teachers find difficulty to do so that task.
This research and development process is targeted to produce a model of designing, managing, and implementing of elementary school guidance and counseling program. This model is expected to able to encourage them to design and develop guidance and counseling program at their own classroom. In the long term, those elementary classroom teachers are expected to able to sinergize their instructional roles with guidance and counseling function professionally, so that their instructional quality can improve students performance effectivelly and improve the educational quality. In order to reach that goal, this research is designed by multiyears research, development, and diffussion (the R, D, and D Model). On the first year, the research stage is begun with preliminary investigation (literature study and field study) to build conceptual frame of reference for designing of hipotetical model that will be developed, designing and constructing all of this instrumen model, and conducting students’ needs assessment.
The results of the preliminary study were: (1) the hipotetical model of developing prosedur of elementary school guidance and counseling program was formated; (2) six instruments of this model were constructed; (3) the student’s needs assessment analyses found that: (a) almost all of the students that were investigated stated that they needed guidance services, (b) there were 20 items of elementary student’s developmental needs that high intensity level to be fulfilled, (c) there were 42 items of developmental disturbing problems among most of the elementary students; and (4) all of the classroom teachers (32 person) that investigated in this study did not have the classroom guidance and counseling program and they also did not showed understand how to integrated the content of guidance curriculum into subject matter. The results is explained in this article.
Keywords: guidance and counseling program, needs assessment, guidance curriculum

Model Pembelajaran Pedagogi Ignasian Ditinjau dari Komponen “Pengalaman” dan Pengaruh-Pengaruh yang Bisa Diharapkan

P. Wiryono P., S.J.
Widya Dharma, Vol. 19, No. 1, Oktober 2008

ABSTRACT
It is a teaching action research intended to justify the choosing of Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) issue as an issue potential to create a disorienting dilemma needed to produce a transformative learning and to identify its impact on the component of Reflection in the Ignatian Pedagogy model of teaching. A group of Farmacy students taking the Neutraceuticals class at Sanata Dharma University was chosen as the case of this study. Based on the analysis of the collected data by using Likert score value judgment it is clear that the choosing of GMOs issue as an issue potential to create a disorienting dilemma can be justified. It can be identified also that its impact on the component of Reflection takes the forms of: 1) the creation of disorienting dilemma experience which can produce a transformative learning, 2) the increasing of the reflective judgment ability of the students, and 3) the meeting of the specific target intended by the lecturer which is that the students will have a more positive attitude toward Biotechnology and GMOs as the most promising means for developing Nutraceuticals industry in the future.
Keywords: transformative learning, reflection, GMOs issue, disorienting dillema, experience, context, action, evaluation.

Metode Eksperimen Bebas untuk Meningkatkan Pengertian dan Menghilangkan Miskonsepsi Mahasiswa tentang Konsep Termofisika

Paul Suparno
Widya Dharma, Vol. 19, No. 1, Oktober 2008

ABSTRACT
The research was intended to know whether a free physics experiment could (1) improve student’s knowledge and (2) erase student’s misconceptions on thermophysics concepts about water.
The sample of the research was 43 students of Physics Education Department, Sanata Dharma University. The research used a free experiment as a treatment. A free experiment is an experiment that allows students to decide, prepare, and do their experiment freely. Students are able to think and do experiment more constructivistically. The experiment’s instruction is very simple and short, only consisted of some questions that have to be answered by students; and simple direction for students to decide, plan, do their experiment, and make conclusion. The research used pretest and posttest as instruments. The tests were analyzed using dependent t-test to know the improvement of student’s knowledge; and using coding methods to know student’s misconceptions and whether their misconceptions were eliminated using the free experiment method.
The results were (1) student’s knowledge on thermophysics about water was improved; and (2) students improved their misconceptions by having more fully concepts and by eliminating their misconceptions. So, the free experiments could be used as one tool to improve student’s misconception on physics. In addition, the research gives one more example for research on physics education in Indonesia.
Keywords: Misconception of thermophysics, free experiments, pre-service-physics teachers, conceptual changes

Profil Manajemen Bimbingan dan Konseling SMA Rekanan Program Studi Bimbingan dan Konseling Universitas Sanata Dharma di DIY Tahun 2006

Fajar Santoadi
Widya Dharma, Vol. 18, No. 2, April 2008

ABSTRACT
This research was conducted based on two rational backgrounds (a) recent high school guidance and counseling management model, (b) existing managerial supports needs of comprehensive guidance and counseling program.
The research purpose was describing high schools guidance and counseling management profile of Sanata Dharma University (SDU) partners School. The research instrument were structured interview and Focus Group Discussion (FGDs).
The research found both positive and negative findings. The positive findings were: (1) the high schools counselor-student ratio was quite good, (2) most of the school counselors used varying assessment methods, (3) Half of the high schools conducted group guidance services for all students, (4) All of the high schools provided individual counseling services, (5) Each high school used varying methods to control its guidance program, (6) Each high school informed guidance program to students, teachers, and parents, (7) Each high school conducted partnership with stake holders to provide guidance services. The negative findings were (1) Most school guidance staffs were not sufficiently professional, (2) Few high schools did not conduct need assessment, (3) Half of the high schools provided unscheduled group guidance for certain grades students, (4) Most high schools provided discontinued group guidance services, (5) Most high schools conducted unscientific program evaluation, (6) Students' family guidance services were not sufficient to create supportive environment.
The research proposed two suggestions: (1) Counselor competency improvement in developmental guidance theory, comprehensive guidance management, group counseling skill, research and evaluation methods, designing family and parenting education program. (2) Knowledge improvement of school administrators in comprehensive guidance management which enable them to create supportive climate for guidance and counseling program.
Keywords: Manajemen bimbingan dan kosneling komprehensif, paradigma diagram Venn empat bidang bimbingan, paradigma empat bidang bimbingan berurutan.

Realistic Mathematics Education and the NCTM Approach to Mathematics Education : Similarities and Differences

St. Suwarsono
Widya Dharma, Vol. 18, No. 2, April 2008

ABSTRACT
In this article, two approaches to teaching and learning mathematics, namely Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) and the approach developed by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (the NCTM) approach), are compared, in order to find the similarities and the differences between the two approaches.
Two of the most important similarities are that both approaches promote the active roles of students in the process of teaching and learning mathematics and that both approaches emphasize the importance of knowledge construction in the student’s mind.
Two of the most important differences are that the characteristics of te RME aproach are more tigid and more specified than those of the NCTM approach and that the process of knowledge construction in the RME approach tends to be more personal than that in the NCTM.
Keywords: Realistic mathematics education, principles and standards for school mathematics, key principles of RME, knowledge construction, new math movement.

Instructional Animations in English Preposition Learning: Is High-tech Delivery Effective?

Y.G. Harto Pramono
Widya Dharma, Vol. 18, No. 2, April 2008

ABSTRACT
This article explores the instructional effectiveness of “high-tech” and “low-tech” animations in supporting the learning of English prepositions by Indonesian primary school students. It reports on a study in which participants were presented with simple English sentences from each of which a motion preposition had been omitted. These sentences were accompanied by either “high-tech” or “low-tech” animations representing the dynamics of the missing preposition. Subjects were required to identify the target preposition from a list of four alternatives.
The results indicated that the high-tech animations were not intrinsically superior to low-tech counterparts. These findings show that the technological level of animation alone does not determine its effectiveness in supporting learning. Rather, it appeared that the animation’s design features (and not the sophistication of the presentation technology) was central to instructional effectiveness. In order to support learning, animations must be appropriately designed, irrespective of the technology used to present them. Implications for developing and using instructional animations are discussed.
Key words: “low-tech” and “high-tech” animations, mental model building, animation design features, preposition learning

Meningkatkan Partisipasi Mahasiswa dalam Perkuliahan Ekonomi Koperasi melalui Pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning

Y.M.V. Mudayen & P.A. Rubiyanto
Widya Dharma, Vol. 18, No. 2, April 2008

ABSTRACT
This research aimed to increase the participation of university students in Cooperation Economy subject through the approach of Contextual Teaching and Learning by method of task giving and survey method to cooperation. This research included the class activity research which was conducted in July to October 2007 by involving 32 university students.
The activeness of university students submitting question by their initiative in cycle 1 in first meeting 15,625% and the second meeting of 20%. Meanwhile the cycle 2 in first meeting is 19,35% and the second meeting is 24,14%. Time appropriateness in conducting exploration (making mind map, conduct any tasks) in cycle 1, the first meeting is 25% and the second meeting is 37,5% whereas the cycle 2, the first meeting is 50% and the second meeting is 50%. Interaction inter university students in the group in cycle 1, the first meeting is 46,875% and in second meeting is 56,67%, whereas the cycle 2, first meeting is 54,84% and second meeting is 75,86%. The ability of university students to make mind map and the relation between concepts in cycle 1, first meeting is 25% and in second meeting is 62,5%, whereas cycle 2, first meeting is 75% and in second meeting is 75%. The appropriateness in explaining mind map and the relation between concepts in cycle 1, first meeting is 50% and the second meeting is 75%, whereas in cycle 2, first meeting is 66,67% and in second meeting is 75%. The willingness and the bravery in answering questions which are submitted by the lecturer with their initiative in cycle 1, first meeting is 6,25% and in second meeting is 10%, whereas cycle 2 first meeting is 9,06% and second meeting is 13,79%.
Keywords: CTL approach, task giving, mind map, discussion, survey.

Miskonsepsi tentang Bilangan Desimal dari Calon Guru

Wanty Widjaja, Caye Stacey, & Vicki Steinle
Widya Dharma, Vol. 18, No. 2, April 2008

ABSTRACT
This paper will describe the result of an investigation on pre-service teachers’ misconception of decimal numbers. Written tests and interview data reveal pre-service teachers’ misconception about decimals. Misconception involving interpretation of decimals with repeating digits, incorrectly associated with rounding rules, is particularly dominant. Prior learning experience, which is mainly based on memorized rules without meaningful understanding, is found as one of the factors for this misconception. The importance of developing meaningful understanding of decimals relying on knowledge of decimal place value is highlighted.
Keywords: decimal numbers, meaningful understanding, pre-service teachers

Belajar Teori Kinetik Gas dengan Model Belajar Kelompok Terbimbing - Suatu Riset Tindakan Kelas

Paul Suparno
Widya Dharma, Vol. 18, No. 2, April 2008

ABSTRACT
This action research investigated whether the directed cooperative learning on the topic of gas kinetic theory could (1) activate student’ learning process; (2) improve students’ interest in studying the kinetic theory; and (3) improve students’ understanding on the gas kinetic theory. The sample of the research was 30 students of physics education who were studying gas kinetic theory. Some instruments were used in this research such as pretest and posttest, questioners, and observation. The questioners collected data on the activity and the interest of students; the observation look carefully the situation of students learning process; and the test observed whether students’ knowledge was improved. Statistic dependent T- test was used to determine whether the difference between pretest and posttest was significant; coding and frequency analysis was used to analysize the questioners and observation data. The result was that (1) students were more active in learning process; (2) students liked to study gas kinetic theory; and (3) their knowledge were improved. In the next year, the same method will be used to learn the gas kinetic theory and thermodinamics theory.
Kata kunci: teori kinetik gas; model belajar kelompok terbimbing; pembelajaran aktif di perguruan tinggi; mengaktifkan kuliah teori.

Model Pembelajaran ARCS: Suatu Altenatif untuk Mengatasi Masalah Motivasi Siswa dalam Belajar Pendidikan Jasmani

Dimyati
Widya Dharma, Vol. 18, No. 1, Oktober 2007

ABSTRACT
This article aims at explaining and analyzing the model of ARCS learning which is to be applied in physical education learning process at school. The model is being developed as an alternative which can be used by the teachers of physical education as the basic of running good learning activities. It consists of four related components which are required in learning activites and developed based on the learning theories, they are assurance, relevance, confidence and satisfaction. Teachers can implement it as the basic to run learning activities designed to enhance students’ achievement and motivation to be successful learners. Therefore, implementing the model of ARCS learning in physical education is acceptable, as students are lack of motivation to participate in physical education classes at school lately.
Keywords: model of ARCS learning, physical education, motivation.

Building Coherence in Letter Genre: A Writing Pedagogy of Shuttling Between Languages

Susilo
Widya Dharma, Vol. 18, No. 1, Oktober 2007

ABSTRACT
The hybrid nature of culture which has emerged as a result of postmodern world brings about considerable interaction, borrowing, and fusion between cultures and communicative genres. In such situation, there is erosion of national boundaries, greater multilingualism, and fluidity in identity; hence an absolute construct of particular culture is getting blurred. Consequently, the term “native identity” has come to a “blurring spot” in the sense that it will be simply awkward to hold firmly one’s native identity when multilingualism has become norm.
This is a research report aiming to look at the pedagogy of negotiation strategies in shuttling between languages done by Indonesian multilingual writers as the new orientation in the teaching and learning second language writing. The study is qualitative in nature, involving two exploratory studies prior to the study. Three people with different social and educational backgrounds participated in the study. Analytic induction is used to collect and analyze the data as well as to develop a theory. Data are collected and analyzed to develop a descriptive model that encompasses all cases of the phenomena. In interpreting the data, Systemic-Functional Linguistics (SFL) approach in which the analysis of context is broken down into field, tenor, and mode. In addition, Canagrajah’s (2006) negotiation model also was as my approach in interpreting data. After all, view of postmodern dominated my interpretation in the current study.
Finally, the study revealed that In terms of being coherent, the finding revealed that the paragraphs in both Indonesian and English letters under study tend to follow two dichotomies of phenomena: (1) being completely coherent and (2) being incoherent regardless the language the participants used in writing the letters. From the current study, three issues were addressed. Firstly, how the participants systematically organize their ideas into a tripartite structure with its distinctive variations is presumably influenced by the logic of two cultures, i.e. Indonesian and Anglo-Saxon cultures. Secondly, an important issue that would be addressed is the distinctive rhetoric of expressing messages in the letter. And finally, it is about repertoire of mode options which are represented by different sub-genres of letter writing that bilingual writers may employ to express their ideas.
Key words: Negotiation model, Contrastive Rhetoric, Multilingual, Monolingual, Second Language Writing, Pedagogy.

Kontribusi Pengajaran Menggambar dalam Mengatasi Krisis Psikososial Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Ruddy Pakasi & E.L. Mingkid
Widya Dharma, Vol. 18, No. 1, Oktober 2007

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this writing is to describe the contribution of drawing teaching in overcoming the elementary school student’s psychosocial crisis. The discussion of this writing refers to two main theoretical concepts, i.e. drawing teaching concept, especially in elementary school instructional process, and psychosocial concept. The drawing development stage of the elementary students are in pre-schematic stage, schematic stage, dawning realism stage; whereas the psychosocial level of elementary students in forth level namely industry versus inferiority level. It can be conclude that drawing teaching can be used as an effective media to overcome the elementary school student’s psychosocial crisis, especially crisis in industry versus inferiority level.
Keywords: drawing teaching, pre-schematic stage, schematic stage, dawning realism stage, industry versus inferiority level.

The Combination of Reading Log and Structure On “Writing I”

Tjahjaning Tingastuti Surjosuseno
Widya Dharma, Vol. 18, No. 1, Oktober 2007

ABSTRACT
This article presents the research report on the combination of reading log, and structure which is comprised in a portfolio for teaching writing I. The research was carried out in one semester, from January 31 to June 13, 2006, It shows the process oriented approach that is taken into consideration as a means of teaching academic “Writing I”. It has designed and implemented at Widya Mandala University in Surabaya. The result of this research after the treatment shows that the students’ achievement in their students’ portfolios obtain significant improvement in their getting ideas, unities and structures to write their assessments in “writing I”. I believe this approach can be applied in another academic writing in other universities.
Key words: Portfolio, reading log, journal writing, self awareness log, structured feedback

Persepsi Guru, Siswa dan Orangtua terhadap Ujian Nasional Studi Empirik SMP-SMP di Kotamadya Yogyakarta

Cornelio Purwantini & Rita Eny Purwati
Widya Dharma, Vol. 18, No. 1, Oktober 2007

ABSTRACT
This research aimed to find out the differences in teacher’, student’, and parents’ perceptions on the National Examination. Those differences are viewed from pedagogical, social and psychological, juridical, and economic aspects. An empirical study was conducted in Junior High Schools in Yogyakarta Regency. The differences in the teacher’s, student’s, and parents’, on the National Examination were based on school categories, namely, National Standard School, Potential School, and Pioneer School. The categories of shools were conducted by Badan Akreditasi Sekolah that were based on result of the Nasional Examination in 2004 and the school infrastructure. The National Standard School is school that has the best category, followed by potential School, and Pioneer School
This study is an ex-post-facto. The primary data consisted of the perceptions of the teachers, students, and parents that were collected by questionnaires. The questionnaires utilized using descriptive and inferential statistic approach. The hypothesis testing was conducted using one -way Anova and multiple coparation test.
The result of hypothesis testing indicated that, first, the perception of teachers on the National Examination was not different at three school category. Secondly, there were significant differences in students’ perception on the National Examination in the parents’ perceptions on the Nasional Examination at the three school categories.

Key words: perception, the National Examination, pedagogical aspect, social and psychological aspects, juridical aspect, and economic aspect.

Memanfaatkan dan Mengembangkan Media dalam Rangka Mengupayakan Proses Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Katolik yang Inovatif dan Kontekstual

Yoseph Kristianto
Widya Dharma, Vol. 18, No. 1, Oktober 2007

ABSTRACT
Catholic Religious Education at School (CRES) has an important role in relation with education of value. The success of CRES does not only rely on the result of output as described in achievement report of the study, but also on the outcome; namely in accordance with the readiness and ability of student to undergo life in a smart and responsible way in the society (soft skills). The problem of teaching process of CRES in the elementary to high schools concerns the gab between the students life praxis and basic principles of teaching. Nowadays there has been a phenomenon which shows the decadence of pupils behaviors, mentality and morals. It indicates that the teaching process has not been aimed to build the student’ the attitude and soft skills in living their life (life skills) in a smart and responsible way. Based on the reasons, the teaching process of CRES needs upgrading teaching in an effective, innovative and contextual way by utilizing and developing learning media that are relevant and acquired.
Keywords: Catholic Religious Education at School, innovative and contextual teaching, learning media.

Perancangan dan Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Matematika yang Konstruktivistik, Kontekstual, Kolaboratif

M. Andy Rudhito & Susento
Widya Dharma, Vol. 18, No. 1, Oktober 2007

ABSTRACT
This research aims at producing a constructivist, contextual, and collaborative mathematics instructional design on the topic of Trigonometry in the tenth grade classroom. The research was conducted in SMA Pangudi Luhur Van Lith Muntilan Jawa Tengah using the method of classroom action research.
A preliminary instructional design has been tried out at two tenth grade classrooms. Evaluation results indicate that the design’s syntax and substance do not need any modification, but it does need some improvement in the aspect of the instructional management by the teacher in the classrooms. Teacher should give cognizance about orientational activities, and control exploration and negotiation activities. Students seem ready to carry out the new instructional activities. They can invent their self strategies of problem solving, dare to present their working result, and discuss and negotiate it.
Key words: instructional design, constructivist, contextual, and collaborative, trigonometry.